Journal: Communications Biology

Article Title: Paradoxical regulation of IGF2 in promoting lipid metabolism in adipose tissues

doi: 10.1038/s42003-025-08458-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: A , B “U” and inverted “U” shaped relationship between IGF2 levels and the lipid species detected by LC-MS/MS assay utilizing a polynomial fourth order equation to fit the non-linear regression curve, where R² (R-squared) represents the coefficient of determination, and Sy.x represents the standard deviation of the residuals, n = 200. C , D “U” and inverted “U” shaped relationship between IGF2 levels and the lipid species detected by ELISA kit assay utilizing a polynomial fourth order equation to fit the non-linear regression curve, n = 200. E , F Pearson correlation analyses of L-IGF2 levels and H-IGF2 levels with triglyceride conducted by LC-MS/MS assay, n = 200, all p < 0.01. G , H Pearson correlation analyses of L-IGF2 levels and H-IGF2 levels with HDL-c conducted by LC-MS/MS assay, n = 200, all p < 0.05. I , J Pearson correlation analyses of L-IGF2 levels and H-IGF2 levels with triglyceride conducted by ELISA kit assay, n = 200, all p < 0.001. K , L Pearson correlation analyses of L-IGF2 levels and H-IGF2 levels with HDL-c conducted by ELISA kit assay, n = 200, all p < 0.05. M , N Multiple stepwise logistic regression analysis of MetS, HOMA-IR, and other metabolic subgroups (central obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL-c) connected with L-IGF2 and H-IGF2 levels conducted by LC-MS/MS assay and ELISA kit assay, respectively.

Article Snippet: The measurement of mice serum IGF1 level was conducted with an ELISA kit (E-EL-M3006, Elabscience, China).

Techniques: Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectroscopy, Standard Deviation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Communications Biology

Article Title: Paradoxical regulation of IGF2 in promoting lipid metabolism in adipose tissues

doi: 10.1038/s42003-025-08458-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: A The utilization of Nile red staining and Oil red O staining techniques revealed the presence of lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 adipocytes after IGF2 overexpression and knockdown treatment. B , C Quantification of cellular triglyceride (TG) content and the levels of free fatty acid (FFA) in the medium in 3T3-L1 adipocytes after IGF2 overexpression and knockdown treatment. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01. D , E The mRNA levels of genes associated with adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and lipolysis in 3T3-L1 cells transfected with Ad-IGF2 or IGF2-RNAi as well as the corresponding controls by RT-qPCR assays, using Ppia as internal controls, n = 6, Data represent the mean ± SD; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 by two-tailed, unpaired Student’s t test. F Protein expression levels of genes related to adipogenesis, lipogenesis and lipolysis in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes by western blot assays. G Mice adipose tissue has been dissected and isolated for primary adipocyte culture, and the results of 0, 4, 8 and 12 days were induced by the classic “Cocktail” induction differentiation regimen. H Primal cell supernatant was extracted during the above induction differentiation process, and IGF2 concentration was detected by ELISA kit. n = 3. I 3T3-L1 preadipocytes underwent treatment via different concentration gradients of recombinant IGF2 protein powder and induced differentiation. Oil red O staining employment demonstrated that the deposition of lipid droplets within adipocytes.

Article Snippet: The measurement of mice serum IGF1 level was conducted with an ELISA kit (E-EL-M3006, Elabscience, China).

Techniques: Staining, Over Expression, Knockdown, Transfection, Quantitative RT-PCR, Two Tailed Test, Expressing, Western Blot, Isolation, Concentration Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Recombinant

Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Microglial Rack1 Deficiency Alleviates Alzheimer's Disease Pathology through Enhancing IGF1‐Mediated Astrocytic Phagocytosis

doi: 10.1002/advs.202515877

Figure Lengend Snippet: The role of Rack1 deficiency in astrocytic proliferation and phagocytosis is mediated by IGF1. A) Heatmap of growth factors, cytokines, complement, and receptors in microglia from two groups of mice as indicated. B) Heatmap of growth factors, cytokines, complement, and receptors in astrocyte. C,D) qPCR assay to test the expression levels of IGF1 and IGF1R in isolated microglia and isolated astrocyte from 6‐month‐old Rack1 WT/AD mice and Rack1 cKO/AD mice (n = 3 per group). E) Schematic for siRack1 in primary microglia, and analysis of the knockdown efficiency. F) IGF1 Elisa kit to test IGF1 levels in microglia supernatant. G,H) Schematic for IGF1 to treat astrocyte and the effect of IGF1 in astrocyte using CCK8 assay (n = 3). I,J) Immunofluorescent staining of GFAP, and statistical analysis of FITC‐Aβ intensity in astrocyte with or without IGF1 treatment. K–N) Schematic for PPP treatment in astrocyte and test the effect of knockdown of Rack1 in microglia using CCK8 assay (n = 4), phagocytosis of FITC‐Aβ (n = 6) in astrocyte with or without PPP treatment. All values are presented as mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001. Mann–Whitney U test (C–F,J,N), and Two‐way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons test (H,L).

Article Snippet: The levels of IGF1 in primary microglia supernatant were detected using an IGF1 ELISA kit (Elabscience, E‐MSEL‐M0013).

Techniques: Expressing, Isolation, Knockdown, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, CCK-8 Assay, Staining, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Maternal Bacillus probiotic regulates offspring growth and immunity via spleen IGF-1/mTOR and FOXO1/IL-10 pathways

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-38412-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: Serum levels of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in male S. albino mice offspring at postnatal day 28 following maternal Bacilli supplementation at different gestational stages. Data are presented as mean ± SE (n = 6 /group). Statistical comparisons were performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Groups sharing different superscript letters differ significantly at p < 0.05. Abbs: GD0, gestation day 0; GD8, gestation day 8; GD16, gestation day 16.

Article Snippet: According to Baxter and Martin mechanism of analysis, serum IGF-1 (6 samples/group) levels were analyzed following the protocol of the manufacturer-specific mouse IGF-1 ELISA kit (Catalog No. CSB-E04581m, Detection range: 0.156–10 ng/mL and sensitivity: less than 0.151 ng/mL, CUSABIO Company, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Maternal Bacillus probiotic regulates offspring growth and immunity via spleen IGF-1/mTOR and FOXO1/IL-10 pathways

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-38412-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A–D ) Immunohistochemical staining of the IGF-1 and FOXO1 markers in spleen sections from male offspring of S. albino mice following probiotic supplementation. ( A ) The GD0 and GD8 groups exhibited increased IGF-1 expression (brown color) in the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS), germinal centers, marginal zones, and stromal cells of the red pulp compared to the control. ( B ) The FOXO1 marker exhibited strong nuclear staining (brown colour) in the control group, whereas all Bacillus-treated groups (GD0, GD8 and GD16) showed a faint nuclear FOXO1 expression. IHC splenic tissues were examined under light microscopy at × 200 magnification; scale bar = 100 µm. ( C and D ) graphs: The integrated density percentage analysis of immunostaining for IG-1 and FOXO 1, respectively; according to the statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Data are presented as mean ± SE; groups sharing different superscript letters differ significantly at p < 0.05. Abbs : IGF-1 , Insulin-like Growth Factor-1; GD0 , gestation day 0; GD8 , gestation day 8; GD16 , gestation day 16.

Article Snippet: According to Baxter and Martin mechanism of analysis, serum IGF-1 (6 samples/group) levels were analyzed following the protocol of the manufacturer-specific mouse IGF-1 ELISA kit (Catalog No. CSB-E04581m, Detection range: 0.156–10 ng/mL and sensitivity: less than 0.151 ng/mL, CUSABIO Company, USA).

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Expressing, Control, Marker, Light Microscopy, Immunostaining